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Ujjain,
stands glamorously among many other Indian sacred and holy cities.
The early history of Ujjain is lost in the midst of antiquity. According to
ancient Hindu scriptures it was originally called Avantika. later King Shiva
of Avanti commemorating his triumph over the demon king of Tripuri, changed
it to Ujjainyini (one who conquers with pride).
Ujjain is situated on the right bank of River Shipra. It is a
very holy city for the Hindus, a site for the triennial Kumbh mela. There
are many great mythological legend about Ujjain city. Apart from
mythological legends, the city has a long distinguished history. It was
governed by the likes of Vikramaditya and Ashoka. Kalidas wrote his souls
stirring poetry here.
Today, Ujjain represents an interesting blend of an age old legacy and the
modern day lifestyle. |
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General Information |
Altitude
: 492 mts.
Climate (deg C): Summer- Max. 40, Min. 20; Winter- Max. 28,
Min. 10.
Rainfall : 101 cms (July to September).
Best Season : September to March.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
- Air : Nearest Airport Indore (53
km) is connected to Bombay by Indian Airlines Continental Airways also
operates flights from Bombay to Indore.
- Rail: Ujjain is a railway station
on the Western Railway.
- Road: Good Motorable roads connect
Ujjain with Ahmedabad (402 kms), Bhopal (183 kms), Bombay (655 kms),
Delhi (774 kms), Gwalior (451 kms), Indore (53 kms) and Khajuraho (570 kms)
etc.
- Bus Service: Regular bus services
connect Ujjain with Indore, Bhopal, Ratlam, Gwalior, Mandu, Dhar, Kota and
Omkareshwar etc.
EXCURSIONS
Agar (66 kms) : An ancient archaeological site.
Dewas (37 kms) : Temple of Devji.
Maksi (39 kms) : Famous for Jain Temples.
Nagda (60 kms) : An industrial town with ancient temples. |
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Temples |
-
Mahakeleshwara : This temple of Lord Shiva with its lingam is
one of the 12
Jyotirlingas in India. It is also knows as the the shrine of
Mahakaleshwara. The temple has an idol of Omkareshwars shiva, Ganesh,
Parvati, Kartikeya and Shiva's Bull - Nandi.
- Bade Ganeshji ka Mandir :
There is a sculptured image of Lord Ganesh in this temple, close to the
tank near Mahakaleshwar.
- Chintamani Ganesh :
A temple of considerable antiquity and popular place of pilgrimage, the
idol here is believed to be self formed
- Mangalnath : Regarded as
the birthplace of Mars according to the Skanda Purana, Mangalanath
commands a panoramic view of the shipra. Mahadev is worshipped at the
temple here.
- Harsiddhi Temple :
An important shrine with the image of Goddess Annapurna
- Siddhavat :The enormous
banyan tree on the banks of the Shipra has been vested with great
sanctity.
- Kal BhairaV
: The worship of Kal Bhairava is carried out here and
the temple was noteworthy for its exquisite painting in the Malwa style,
traces of which still remain. Close by is the village of Bhairogarh,
famous for its ancient technique in cloth printing
- Gopal mandir : A
sanctum inlaid with marble and silver plated doors constitute the main
attraction of this temple.
- Pir Matsyendranath : Dedicated to
the memory of Matsyendranath, a great Shaivite leader of the Natha sect,
this ancient site has a scenic setting on the banks of the Shipra. A place
of pilgrimage for both Hindus and Muslims, this site has yielded
antiquities during excavations carried out here, which date back to 7 and
6 BC.
- GadKalika: The deity in this temple
is believed to have worshipped by Kalidasa. Renovated in 7 AD by the
Emperor Harshavardhana, it was restored yet again in the Parmar and, in
modern times, by the erstwhile Gwalior State.
- Navgraha ka Mandir (Triveni):
Situated on the Triveni Ghat of Shipra, this temple is dedicated to the
nine planets.
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Bhartrihari Caves |
These caves are
situated just above the bank of the Shipra near the temple of Gadkalika.
According to popular tradition, this is the spot where Bhartrihari, who is
said to have been the step brother of Vikramaditya, lived and meditated
after renouncing worldly life. He is believed to have been a great scholar
and poet. His famous works, Shringarshatak, Vairagyashatak, and Nitishatak,
are known for the exquisite use of the Sanskrit meter.
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Kaliadeh Palace |
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Situated on the banks of the
Shipra, the island-like site immediately conjures up the natural beauty of
ancient Ujjain which poets down the ages have waxed lyrical. The glorious
landscape of the flowing river on both sides of the palace and the man-made
tanks and channels, with water gurgling through them, provide a spectacular
backdrop to the imposing building.
The central dome of the palace is a beautiful example of
Persian architecture. Two Persian inscriptions found in one of the long
corridors of the palace record the visits of Emperor Akbar and Jehangir to
this palace.
The palace was broken down in the time of the Pindaris and was
restored by Madhav Rao Scindia in 1920 to its present glory. The Sun Temple
was also restored by the family. |
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Durgadas Ki Chhatri |
This distinctive
monument glows like a small jewel in the surrounding lush landscape. Vir
Durgadas earned a secure niche for himself in the history of Marwad by his
undaunting, selfless service to the State. He fought for the independence of
Jodhpur after the death of Maharaj Jaswant Singh and helped Ajit Singh to
ascend the throne against the wishes of Aurangzeb.
Durgadas died at Rampura in 1718, and his funeral rites were
performed according to his wishes on the banks of the Shipra. The rulers of
Jodhpur had built the chhatri to consecrate his memory. This beautiful
structure, built in the Rajput style of architecture, houses a statue of
Durgadas which crumbled down. |
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Observatory |
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Ujjain enjoyed a position of
considerable importance in the field of astronomy. Great works on astronomy
such as the Surya Siddhanta and the Panch Siddhanta were written in Ujjain.
According to Indian astronomers, the Tropic of Cancer is supposed to pass
through Ujjain. It is also the fist meridian of longitude of the Hindu
geographers. From about the 4th century BC, Ujjain enjoyed the reputation of
being India's Greenwich. The observatory extant today was built by Raja Jai
Singh (1686-1743), who was a great scholar. He translated the works of
Ptolemy and Euclid into Sanskrit from Arabic. Of the many observatories
built by him at Jaipur, Delhi, Varanasi, Mathura, and Ujjain, the one at
Ujjain is still in use actively. Astronomical studies are conducted through
the Department of Education and the ephemeris is published every year. There
is a small planetarium and a telescope to observe the moon, Mars, Jupiter
and their satellites. The observatory is also used for weather forecasts ...
More |
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Vikram Kirti Mandir |
| Established on the
occasion of the second millennium of the Vikram era, as the cultural centre
to perpetuate the memory of Vikramaditya, the Vikram Kirti Mandir houses the
Scindia Oriental Research Institute, an archaeological museum, an art
gallery and an auditorium. The Scindia Oriental Research Institute has an
invaluable collection of 18,000 manuscripts on various subjects and runs a
reference library of important oriental publications. Rare manuscripts in
Prakrit, Arabic, Persian and other Indian languages cover a wide range of
subjects from Vedic literature and philosophy to dance and music. Palm leaf
and bark leaf (Bhurja Patra) manuscripts are also preserved in this
institute. Apart from an illustrated manuscript of Shrimad Bhagavata in
which actual gold and silver have been employed for the paintings, the
Institute has a rich collection of old paintings in the Rajput and Mughal
style. The museum also exhibits a rich array of images, inscriptions, copper
plates and fossils discovered in the narmada valley.A huge skull of a
primitive elephant is of special interest.
Art Gallery |
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Kalidasa Academia |
| This academy was set
up in Ujjain by the Government of Madhya Pradesh to immortalize the memory
of the great poet dramatist-Kalidasa, and to create a multi-disciplinary
institution to project the genius of the entire classical tradition, with
Kalidasa as the apex, enable research and study in Sanskrit classical and
traditional performing arts, and facilitate its adaptation for contemporary
stage in different cultural settings and language groups. The Academy
complex consists of a theatre, museum, library, lecture and seminary halls,
mini stage for rehearsals, research facilities for scholars, and a large
open air theater...
More |
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Sandipani Ashram |
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The fact that ancient Ujjain apart from
its political and religious importance, enjoyed the reputation of being a
great seat of learning as early as the Mahabharata period is borne out by
the fact that, Lord Krishna and Sudama received regular instruction in the
ashram of Guru Sandipani. The area near the ashram is known as Ankapata,
popularly believed to have been the place used by Lord Krishna for washing
his writing tablet. The numerals 1 to 100 found on a stone are believed to
have been engraved by Guru Sandipani.
The Gomti Kunda referred to in the Puranas was the source of
water supply to the ashram in the olden days. An image of Nandi, belonging
to the Shunga period, is to be found near the tank. The followers of
Vallabha sect regard this place as the 73rd seat of the 84 seats of
Vallabhacharya where he delivered his discourses throughout India. |
| Source text :
http://www.ujjain.nic.in |
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